See "encoding.txt" for general layout info. POLISH LAYOUT DIFFS: Oddly Poland went with QWERTY rather than QWERTZ like Germany and Austria. The additions are just alternative of one of these chars + alter of cap, where the alt is keyed in with AltGr a c e l n o s z (this z is the dot version) ONLY EXCEPTION IS 2nd ALT (' version) FOR z which uses sequences AltGR+x (is no x in Polish). For memorizing: The more common diacritical mark is ' and that's for the earlier (aphabetically) ź with earlier (alphabetically) keystroke x. Higher (alphabetically ) z keystroke gets the unique dot diacritical. For iso8660-1 (latin1) encoding, need a workaround like .properties unicode escapes like these: ẞ = \u1E9E „ → \u201E “ → \u201C ą → \u0105 ć → \u0107 ę → \u0119 ł → \u0142 ń → \u0144 ó → \u00F3 ś → \u015B ź → \u017A ż → \u017C Ą → \u0104 Ć → \u0106 Ę → \u0118 Ł → \u0141 Ń → \u0143 Ó → \u00D3 Ś → \u015A Ź → \u0179 Ż → \u017B